Module Code BCM 205 Module Level HE5 Credit Value 20 Academic year 2019/2020, Sem 2
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Assignment Brief
1. Purpose of the Assessment
Conceptual frameworks and practical examples of how operations can be analyzed in different environments. This module is designed to enhance student involvement in the learning process using active learning techniques including group work, case studies
2. Assessment Task
2.1 Individual Assignment (AS1), weighting 100 % of the marks (LO1-LO4), 4000 words.
With the unstoppable pace of globalization partnerships, especially long-term single-supplier relationships has gained more importance requiring cooperation from various operational capabilities. To name but a few ones can point at performance objectives, operations strategy, and quality management. Based on these three linkages you are required to:
1. Provide a short definition of the five performance objectives (500 words) 2. Discuss the growing importance of supply chains in a globalized world (500 words) 3. Evaluate the types of supply chain partnerships (500 words). 4. Elaborate on the likely role of the five objectives in facilitating long-term relationship in a supply chain (500 words) 5. How can operations strategy help design a better supply chain partnership? (500 words) 6. Is a good operations strategy enough for a good supply relation or do we need a helping hand from continuous improvement? Why and how? (500 words) 7. How do you select a good partner? One way is that you decide on a number of criteria with different weights as shown in table 1. Then by studying a number of suppliers A, B, C, for example, you attach scores (1-5) to each supplier’s ability to satisfy a criterion like the location. You are required to use the data in this table to decide which one of the three companies should be selected. The largest calculated total is the best partner. Once the partner is selected evaluate the result critically (600 words)
Criteria Weights Scores (1-5) A B C Students complete these A B C Engineering/research/innovation skills .20 5 3 2 .20×5 Production process capability (flexibility/tech-help) .15 4 3 4 .15×4 Distribution/delivery capability .05 4 3 4 Quality systems and performance .10 2 3 3 Facilities/location .05 2 3 4 Financial and managerial strength (stability & cost) .15 4 3 5 Information systems capability (e-procurement, ERP .10 2 3 3 Integrity (environmental compliance/ ethics) .20 5 3 4 Total 1.00
The rest of the 400 words will go to Introduction and conclusions.
Word Limit: The assessment should be limited to 4,000 words (+/- 10%). If you end up with more than 4400 words or less than 3600 words you must revise the text judiciously to deliver work within the stated limits.
Style requirements: Except for the Titles and subtitles, you are not allowed to highlight text, which will be in Arial size 11, and without indentations. The main title is highlighted in size 16, and the subtitles are highlighted in size 14. The margins should be justified, not aligned to the left. Additionally, the space between lines should be single and the space between paragraphs should be double. The work will be in Report form and not the Essay form requiring and Introduction, the main body with subtitles, and a conclusion.
Sources It is expected that the Reference List will contain between ten and fifteen sources. As a MINIMUM the Reference List should include two refereed academic journals and three academic books. Try to use some words to indicate internet sources
4. Specific Assessment Criteria
(Please note that the General Assessment Criteria will also apply.)
Maximum marks will be allocated for: A short definition of the five performance objectives: 10/100 marks Discuss the growing importance of supply chains in a globalized world: 10/100 marks Evaluate the types of supply chain partnerships: 10/100 marks Elaborate on the likely role of the five objectives in facilitating long-term relationship in a supply chain: 15/100 marks Evaluating the role of operations strategy in helping to design a better supply chain partnership: 15/100 marks Why and how continuous improvement can add to the strategy role: 15/100 marks Selecting a partner using the table provided: 15/100 marks A presentation including good sourcing: 10/100 marks
5.Assessment Submission
Your assignment must be Word processed and presented in a report format with simple sub-headings. The word count should be as specified in the assignment above ± 10% (tables, diagrams, and appendices are excluded from the count).
The Assignment report should have a Front Sheet showing your name, your student number, the module name, the module number, the assignment title, the module tutor’s name, the date, and the word count.
All assignments will be submitted and graded electronically via TURNITIN. Several submissions will be permitted before the hand-in date in order to enable you to refine the content in your report.
To submit your work, please go to the ‘Submit your work’ area of the Module Moodle site. It is important that you submit your work to the correct module Moodle site, and that your work is submitted on time.
Feedback on assignments, in general, will be provided to the whole group when marked assignments are returned. Feedback on assignments for everyone will be provided electronically via TURNITIN.
A student may obtain an individual appointment to discuss feedback with the tutor.
Submission Deadlines
Written Assignment: 10th June 2020
6. Assessment Guidance
The quality of your presentation and academic referencing is very important. Please, use the Harvard Referencing System.
Within your assignment, your tutor will be looking for content that addresses the key elements of the assignment brief.
Try not to overcomplicate your answers by choosing a company that you know little about. Keep to simple processes that you know well.
7. Academic Practice
These are individual assignments. Amity University [IN] London policy will apply in all cases of copying, plagiarism, or any other methods by which students have obtained (or attempted to obtain) an unfair advantage.
Support and guidance on assessments and academic integrity can be found from the following resources:
Moodle / Policies and Procedures Moodle / Student Corner
8. Learning Outcomes
The learning outcomes being addressed through these assignments are:
LO 1 – Analyse operations in a variety of businesses from the perspective of transformational activities. LO 2 – Analyse complex operations using the concepts of supply chains and supply webs, applying simulation tools to plan capacity and design processes. LO 3 – Apply appropriate theoretical principles to analyze complex organizational problems and provide suitable solutions. LO 4 – Analyse, prioritize and evaluate operational information, concepts
9. Syllabus Plan
• Overview of operations management
• Operations design
• Operations strategy
• Location decision making
• Queuing theory and application
• Quality management
• Project management: basic PM techniques to include planning, control, and evaluation, Gant, CPN and PERT techniques, IT software usage
• Inventory management
• Operations improvement
10. University of Bolton General Assessment Guidelines
General Assessment Guidelines for Written Assessments Level HE5
% Relevance Knowledge Argument/Analysis Structure Presentation Written English Research/Referencing Class I (Exceptional Quality) 85-100%
Directly relevant to the title. Expertly addresses the assumptions of the title and/or the requirements of the brief. Demonstrates an exceptional knowledge/ understanding of theory and practice for this level through the identification and analysis of the most important issues. Makes exceptional use of appropriate arguments and/or theoretical models. Presents an analysis of the material resulting in clear, logical, and original conclusions. Coherently articulated and logically structured.
An appropriate format is used. The presentational style & layout is correct for the type of assignment. Effective inclusion of figures, tables, plates (FTP). An exceptionally well-written answer with standard spelling and grammar. Style is clear, resourceful, and academic. Sources accurately cited in the text. A wide range of contemporary and relevant references cited in the reference list in the correct style. Class I (Excellent Quality) 70-84%
Directly relevant to the title. Addresses the assumptions of the title and/or the requirements of the brief. Demonstrates an excellent knowledge/understanding of theory and practice for this level through the identification and summary of the most important issues. Makes creative use of appropriate arguments and/or theoretical models. Presents an excellent discussion of the material resulting in clear, logical conclusions. Coherently articulated and logically structured. An appropriate format is used. The presentational style & layout is correct for the type of assignment. Effective inclusion of figures, tables, plates (FTP). An excellently written answer with standard spelling and grammar. Style is clear, resourceful and academic. Sources accurately cited in the text. A range of contemporary and relevant references cited in the reference list in the correct style. Class II/i (Very Good Quality) 60-69% Directly relevant to the title. Addresses most of the assumptions of the title and/or the requirements of the brief. Demonstrates a very good knowledge/understanding of theory and practice for this level through the identification and summary of key issues. Uses sound arguments or theoretical models. Presents a clear and valid discussion of the material. Clear, logical conclusions. Logically constructed in the main. An appropriate format is used. The presentational style & layout is correct for the type of assignment. Effective inclusion of FTP. A very well written answer with standard spelling and grammar. Style is clear and academic. Sources are accurately cited in the text and an appropriate reference list in the correct style is provided. Class II/ii (Good Quality) 50-59% Generally addresses the title/brief, but sometimes considers irrelevant issues. Demonstrates a good knowledge/understanding of theory and practice for this level through the identification and summary of some key issues. Presents largely coherent arguments. Some issues and theoretical models expressed in simplistic terms. Conclusions are fairly clear and logical. For the most part coherently articulated and logically structured. An acceptable format is used. The presentational style & layout is correct for the type of assignment. Inclusion of FTP but lacks selectivity. Competently written with minor lapses in spelling and grammar. Style is readable and academic in the main. Most sources accurately cited in the text and an appropriate reference list is provided which is largely in the correct style. Class III (Satisfactory Quality) 40-49% Some degree of irrelevance to the title/brief. Superficial consideration of the issues. Demonstrates an adequate knowledge/understanding of theory and practice for this level. An attempt is made to identify key issues. Presents basic arguments, but focus and consistency lacking in places. Some issues may lack clarity, and/or theoretical models expressed in simplistic terms. Conclusions are not always clear or logical. The adequate attempt at articulation and logical structure. An acceptable format is used. The presentational style & layout is largely correct for the type of assignment. Inappropriate use of FTP or not used were clearly needed to aid understanding. Generally competently written although intermittent lapses in grammar and spelling pose obstacles for the reader. Style limits communication and is non-academic in a number of places. Some relevant sources cited.
Some weaknesses in the referencing technique. Borderline Fail
35-39% The significant degree of irrelevance to the title/brief. Only the most obvious issues are addressed at a superficial level and in unchallenging terms. Demonstrates weaknesses in the knowledge of theory and practice for this level, with a poor understanding of key issues. Limited arguments, which lack clarity in places. Conclusions are neither clear nor logical. Poorly structured.
Lack of articulation. Format deficient. For the type of assignment, the presentational style &/or layout is lacking. FTP ignored in text or not used was clearly needed. Deficiencies in spelling and grammar make reading difficult. Simplistic or repetitious style impairs clarity. Style is non-academic. Limited sources and weak referencing. Fail <34%
Relevance to the title/brief is intermittent or missing. The topic is reduced to its vaguest and least challenging terms. Demonstrates a lack of basic knowledge of either theory or practice for this level, with little evidence of understanding. Severely limited arguments. Lacks clarity. Conclusions are sparse. Unstructured. Lack of articulation. Format deficient For the type of assignment the presentational style &/or layout is lacking. FTP as above. Poorly written with numerous deficiencies in grammar, spelling, and expression. Style is non-academic. Absence of academic sources and poor referencing technique.
Business organizations in order to be competitive in the market make use of strategic management which is a continuous process of creation, implementation, and evaluation of decisions that enable organizations to take strategic decisions. Strategic management acts as the foundation of the major goals and objectives which are formulated by the top management of the companies (Fleisher and Bensoussan 2015). It considers the available resources as well as the internal and external environments to develop policies and procedures to achieve strategic objectives.
The below discussion is presented in the form of a report in which a strategic management plan has been devised by considering the internal and external environmental and competitive analysis in the form of SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis, McKinsey 7S model, VRIO framework. Porter’s five forces along with Bowman’s clock strategies. The entire discussion is focussed on the UK based multinational merchandise and grocery retailer, Tesco. It is headquartered in England and was founded by Jack Cohen. The product range of the Company includes supermarkets, convenience shops, hypermarket and superstore. Unit 32 Business Strategy
1. Part A
1.1 Mission, vision, objectives and core competencies of organization
Strategic directions and tactical actions undertaken by an organization are highly dependent on the environment in which it operates. Considering the environment in which business organisations operate, it is seen that there are two types of environment- micro and macro. Micro environment is the nearby environment in which a firm operates whereas, the macro environment is the general environment that can affect any firm and industry. With regards to the macro environment, PESTLE analysis is the most useful analysis that helps in studying factors like political, economic, social, technical, environmental, and social affecting the environment. Below is the PESTLE analysis of Tesco.
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1.1.1 PESTLE Analysis
Political– One of the major political changes that have been initiated by the government of the UK is the new tax measure in the year 2011. The government increased the VAT rate to 20% with an intent to increase government revenue. However, this has resulted into lower customer spending thus affecting the profits (Feys and Probert 2015). The government has also proposed a fat tax which controls obesity and the problems associated with it. This has also adversely affected the sales of Tesco as a result of which the Company launched a brand new healthy food range. Economic factors– With regards to economic condition, it is seen that the country was a victim of the financial crisis. Despite the financial crisis, the economy regained its economic growth rate and the GDP rose 2.7% higher. This growth in the economy is a positive sign for the Company as the growth in the supermarket industry.
Unit 32 Business Strategy
Social factors– These are the factors which are related to the society. With regard to the macro-environment, it is seen that the aging population is increasing with an increase in the life expectancy of people. This has lead to the shift in the tastes of the aging population which are more prone to online shopping nowadays due to mobility issues. Tesco provides its products through an online platform (Newton 2014). Also, the elderly people having high income are more in favor of online shopping as compared to the middle class and poor. In spite of this favorable social factor, the Company has faced accusation of not providing quality products after the incidence of horsemeat scandal. This affected the perception of the customers.
Unit 32 Business Strategy
Technological factors– Technology plays an important role in the success of an organisation. Technological advancements have sprung up in the business environment which provides opportunities to business organisations. Tesco has made use of mobile technology which has increased the distribution services of the Company which provided the customers an opportunity to select their preferred wine (Barney 2017). Apart from this, disruptive technology has entered the market which is an innovative technology. The growing popularity of this technology is an important consideration for Tesco as in changing times, customers would value disruptive technology.
Unit 32 Business Strategy
Legal factors- The Company is adversely affected by the common agricultural policy of the UK in which direct subsidies are not revisited. Thus, significant fines can be imposed on the Company for forcing the agricultural suppliers to sell at lower prices.
Environmental factors- In a recent press release, it has been identified that the Arctic ice is melting which is causing a major problem in the environment. Tesco has realized this and thus, has initiated a new program that emphasizes the consumption of energy and utilization of greenhouse gas. By studying all the factors affecting macro environment, it is seen that the political factor of increasing the VAT rate has affected the Company which needs to be fixed in order to increase sales. Considering the social and economic factors, it is seen that these factors are favorable as the economy is reviving and the number of elderly people is increasing which in turn is likely to enhance company sales (Bryson 2018). Technological and environmental factors are the important considerations which the Company needs to consider as they affect the business to a large extent.
Unit 32 Business Strategy
1.2 Factors that have been considering while formulating strategy
SWOT analysis is another tool majorly used in all organizations to study the internal environment in which organizations operate. Below is the SWOT analysis of Tesco.
Unit 32 Business Strategy
Strengths
Wide customer base- The Company serves a wide range of customers including equipment brokers, drilling contractors, homemakers as well as oil and gas companies. This is the major strength for the Company as it is not dependent on a single customer segment (Bull et al. 2016).
Licensing agreements- The Company holds various patents and licenses for developed technologies which is a major strength as the technology cannot be easily imitated. Also, a number of companies are attracted to work with projects because of a strong portfolio of patented technologies.
Wide product portfolio- Tesco specializes in a number of products and services thus, providing a wide customer segment.
Unit 32 Business Strategy
Weaknesses
Concentrated operations- The operations of the Company are concentrated as major revenues are contributed by limited places like Canada, the UK, Mexico, and the US.
Controversies- Tesco has been involved in a number of controversies and scandals like defending for infringement claims and horsemeat scandal wherein horse-related puns were identified in teh burgers offered by the Company (Carraresi et al. 2016).
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Opportunities
High growth in the market- Tesco is provided with the opportunity of increasing the market due to the top drive market in the next five years.
Acquisitions- The Company has the opportunity to enhance its process by acquiring certain processes and companies in the near future.
Unit 32 Business Strategy
Threats
Risk in the oil and gas industry- There is a high risk of damages caused by operations of the Company such as exploration and production applications.
Through the SWOT analysis, it is seen that Tesco is characterized by a number of strengths which has made it a leading company in the sector. The weightage of strengths in comparison to weaknesses is more; however, the Company has to fix issues related to its public image. It is offered with an opportunity of acquisitions which is likely to help the business in future (Bull et al. 2016).
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M1
To achieve this criterion, the macro environment discussed through PESTLE analysis is critically evaluated considering the favorable as well as unfavorable factors that affect the strategic management decisions of Tesco.
D1
To achieve distinction criterion, the information derived from the environmental and competitive analysis of PESTLE and SWOT are critically interpreted to produce strategic directions to the Company.
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1.3 Effectiveness of techniques used for developing strategic plans
In strategic management decisions, analysis of the internal environment and the organizational capabilities becomes an important step as it is the organisation which has to compete in the market to strive for excellence. Every organization is characterized by strategic capabilities which are the capacities of businesses to survive and deliver value to the customers which are the prime aim of businesses. In other words, the strategic capability of the business is a set of resources and skills used by companies to create long term competitive advantage. To understand the strategic capability of Tesco following the VRIO framework has been discussed to identify whether the capabilities or resources are valuable, rare, costly to imitate, and organized to capture value.
Unit 32 Business Strategy
2.1 Strategic positioning and organizational audit
Value– The resources of the Company add value to the firm by exploiting opportunities and defend against threats. The Company has provided 24-hour stores and online shopping experience to customers which have increased the perceived value for its customers. Apart from this, the cash flow position and balance sheet have also been showing positive trends. Thus, the resources have added value to the Company (Min et al. 2016).
Rare- The resources which are rare are acquired by very few companies. The capabilities of Tesco are rare and thus, competitive advantage is granted. Considering the other competitors, it is seen that very less grocery stores have come up with the idea of online platform to provide products and services. However, leading competitors like Sainsbury and Waitrose already have their online presence in the market. Apart from that, the Company has been able to maintain positive cash balance which the other competitors were unable to.
Inimitability-The capabilities of Tesco with regards to imitation are not so effective as it is very easy to create an online presence through social networking sites. However, considering the efficient human resources of the Company, the factor of social complexity with regards to company’s culture makes it difficult for other companies to imitate (Santos and Morris 2017).
Organization- Organisation to capture the value is the ability of the form to confer advantage. The management systems and processes of the Company along with culture has been able to realize the potential of the value, rareness as well as imitability of the resources.
Thus, it can be analyzed that the VRIO model has been useful in evaluating the strong points as well as weak points of the organization. For instance, the resources of Tesco are rare and valuable and at the same time they are easily imitable (Steger 2015).
Unit 32 Business Strategy
2.3 Significance of stakeholder analysis for developing strategy
With regards to internal environment and capabilities, the McKinsey 7S model is also used. According to this model, the connection between different business elements is derived. There are a total of 7S which are categorised into two groups- hard and soft elements. Hard elements comprise of strategy, system, and structure, whereas, soft elements are shared values, skills, staff, and style. Below is the model of Tesco.
Hard elements
Strategy- Tesco pursued cost leadership strategy by minimizing its capital expenditure and replaced the benefit of pension schemes for all the employees with an aim to reduce cost.
System- Tesco is highly dependent on a wide range of systems which sustains its business operations. A new performance evaluation system was followed by the business as against Steering Wheel system in which 40 different measures were used which made it complicated and difficult to understand (Ravanfar 2015).
Structure- The organizational structure of Tesco was simplified by eliminating the roles of deputy store managers.
2.4 New strategy for Samsung
Shared values- The norms and standards have been revised by the Company to include values like discipline, client centricity, innovation, integrity, and compliance which laid down its foundation.
Skills- Regular training and development opportunities are provided by the Company to enhance the ability of the employees to perform well.
Staff- Various batches of fresh graduates have been recruited to cater to the growing needs of the Company. Moreover, efficient reward system is provided to train and reward the staff (Steger 2015).
Style- Democratic leadership style is used by the Company to manage the employees. However, the leadership style is a bit laid back as the managers have lost control of the employees.
Considering this model, it is seen that the internal strengths and capabilities of the Company have been analyzed. Tesco has been able to draw new strategies and systems which have helped the Company in identifying the internal capabilities and resources (Steger 2015). M2
Merit criterion is achieved by critically analyzing the internal environment through the VRIO model and McKinsey 7S model to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the internal environment and capabilities of the resources of Tesco. D1
To meet this criterion, the information derived from the McKinsey 7S model and VRIO network has been critically interpreted and analyzed to study the internal environment of Tesco. This helps in formulation of strategic tactics and directions which is likely to help the business in the future.
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2. PART B
2.1 Task 3
In order to study the competitiveness of the Company, Porter’s five forces model helps in analyzing the competitive edge provided by the Company to the competitors. Below is the analysis of Tesco:
2.1.1 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
Bargaining power of buyers- The bargaining power of the buyers is high. Buyers are provided with similar products and thus, the cost of change is very low and the buyers can easily shift to another company. All the companies in retail industry provide low prices and therefore, the bargaining power of buyers is high.
Bargaining power of suppliers– With regards to bargaining power of suppliers, it is seen that it is quite low in the case of Tesco. The position of Tesco is strong as the suppliers fear losing commercial contracts with big supermarkets. The negotiations of suppliers are positive which helps the Company in obtaining low prices (Barney 2017).
Threat of substitutes– Considering this factor, it is seen that Tesco is not so competitive in the supermarket industry. Tesco is characterized by the threat from small department stores which can provide similar products at cheaper prices. In the retail industry, products offered are the same and thus, the threat of substitutes is high.
Competitive Rivalry– The major competitors of Tesco are Sainsbury and Morrison. A high degree of competition is provided by these companies and thus, competitive rivalry is high for Tesco.
The threat of new entrants– Considering this particular force, the retail industry is characterized by very few entry barriers. However, despite the high threat of new entrants, Tesco is able to maintain a low level of threat for new entrants as the market share and brand value of the Company is high. Thus, the threat of new entrants is not likely to impact Tesco in near future (Cohen and Olsen 2015).
On analyzing the competitiveness by Porters’ five forces model, it is seen that the high bargaining power of buyers hampers the competitive advantage of the Company. The buyers are able to switch to other products which are likely to cause a problem in providing a competitive edge to the competitors. Thus, the Company can make use of strategy of increasing the online presence over social media sites like Facebook and Twitter to provide a different shopping experience to the customers. This would help the Company to retain its buyers so that the bargaining power of the buyers is reduced, thus, improving the competitive advantage. Considering the threat of substitutes, it has been observed that Tesco is characterized by a high threat of substitutes in which small departmental stores are likely to imitate the product and service offerings of Tesco. It is seen that by increasing the quality of the products, Tesco can ensure a competitive advantage to its competitors which is not easily imitable and replaced (Dobbs 2014).
Unit 32 Business Strategy
M3
To meet this merit criterion, it is seen appropriate strategies have been devised in order to provide recommendations to the Company to improve its competitive advantage with respect to the outcomes of the evaluation of Porter’s five forces model.
D1
For this criterion, the data relating to environmental and competitive analysis such as Porter’s five forces is critically analyzed which is useful in devising appropriate strategies.
2.2 Task 4
To devise a strategic plan, it is very important to analyze the environment and competition in which the firm operates, therefore, a detailed study of Tesco is conducted through Bowman’s strategic clock and Porter’s generic strategies.
2.2.1 Bowman’s Strategic Clock
Bowman’s strategic clock is used to achieve a strong competitive position. There are a total of eight potential positions that can be adopted. They are-
Position 1 is in which low price is charged along with low value provided to customers. Position 2 is in which low price is charged. The third position is the hybrid stage which is characterized by low price and product differentiation. The fourth position is differentiation in which products are differentiated. Focussed differentiation is the fifth position in which high price is charged by high value (Hao and Song 2016). Risky high margins are the sixth position in which high price is charged and not much value is provided to the customers. Monopoly pricing is the seventh position in which companies have their monopolies. The last position is a loss of market share.
Keeping into account all the eight strategic moves, Tesco should consider hybrid strategy which provides the benefit to customers with regards to low price as well as product differentiation which in turn provides the advantage of competitive positioning to the Company. The customers are offered with added value by providing differentiation of products such as the introduction of nutritional products as well as products relating to the convenience shops. All these products are offered at low prices (Bolden 2016).
Unit 32 Business Strategy
2.2.2 Porter’s Generic Strategies
Apart from Bowman’s clock strategy, generic strategies provided by Porter are also useful in analyzing competitive positioning. There are three types of strategies which are cost leadership, differentiation and focus strategies. Cost leadership strategy is the one in which profits are increased by developing the edge which increases the sales of the Company and takes it away from the competitors (Rothaermel 2015). Tesco makes use of this strategy by increasing competition in the retail industry by reducing its cost which impacts the price of the products and services offered. Through this, market share can be increased by charging lower prices. Considering another strategy is the differentiation strategy in which products and services are made attractive as compared to the competitors. Tesco can differentiate its products by aligning the strategy with new product development processes. The third strategy is the focus strategy in which particular niche markets are concentrated (Hill, Jones, and Schilling 2014). For this, Tesco needs to understand the dynamics of the markets which tends to build strong brand loyalty among their customers to contribute to reducing costs and increasing differentiation. By considering all the three strategies, it is seen that the best strategy for Tesco is the cost leadership strategy in which the cost of the products and services is to be reduced.
By taking into account all the environmental and competitive analyses discussed in the previous tasks, the following strategic management plan has been developed.
Unit 32 Business Strategy
2.2.3 Strategic Management Plan
Strategic Objectives
To increase sales by 2.5% at the end of mid-quarter of 2019
To increase customer value and enhance customer base by 2% in the first quarter of 2019
Business Strategies
Following business strategies are likely to help in achieving the above mentioned strategic objectives:
The prices of the products can be reduced by cutting down the cost of the manufacturing of goods and services. High customer traffic is guaranteed through this approach as the retail sector is characterized by a high level of competition from small departmental stores and Sainsbury as discussed in the above competitive analysis (Hao and Song 2016).
Efficient technology can be used as the PESTLE analysis suggests that the Company can suffer losses if advanced technology is not used. To bring the cost down, efficient technology and logistics need to be used to follow the cost leadership strategy.
Customer value can be increased by making use of online platforms to market differentiated products and services. It is the need of the hour to diversify the products and services like introducing nutritional foods and many more as per the third stage of Bowman’s strategic model.
Unit 32 Business Strategy
Marketing mix
Product Mix- The product must include new ranges of products in supermarket, hypermarket and convenience stores as per environmental analysis.
Place mix- A number of distributors can be used in different territories all over the world.
Price Mix- Economy pricing would be used to lower down the prices so as to increase customer base and market share as identified in the internal and external environment analysis (Santos and Morris 2017).
Promotion mix- To increase the customer’s value, customers need to be informed about the new products and services through various promotion strategies, especially social networking sites. M4
For attaining this criterion, a strategic management plan has been devised in order to formulate strategies that can be used by the Company to increase its competitive position in the market. D1
All the information which has been used to devise strategic plan such as in Bowman’s strategic clock and Porter’s generic strategies are critically interpreted.
Unit 32 Business Strategy
Conclusion
Through this discussion, it is concluded that the retail industry is characterized by tough competition which is the main reason responsible for effective strategic directions and planning of Tesco. The PESTLE analysis concludes that technological and environmental factors are to be considered by the Company as the pace of technical and environmental concerns are on the rise. The social factor is in favor of the Company. As per SWOT analysis, the wide product portfolio and enhanced customer base are the strengths and public image is the weakness and high growth in the market is the opportunities. Considering the opportunities to increase market share, a strategic management plan has been devised which focuses on cost leadership strategy which is to reduce cost of the products and services which in turn results in lowering of the prices. Through this strategy, the Company would be able to increase its market value. The plan has been made by considering the hybrid strategy of Bowman’s model which emphasizes on product diversification. The strategic capabilities of the organisation are also discussed with respect to Tesco.
Unit 32 Business Strategy
References
Barney, J.B., 2017. Resources, capabilities, core competencies, invisible assets, and knowledge assets: Label proliferation and theory development in the field of strategic management. The SMS Blackwell Handbook of organizational capabilities, pp.422-426.
Bolden, R., 2016. Leadership, management, and organizational development. In Gower handbook of leadership and management development (pp. 143-158). Routledge.
Bryson, J.M., 2018. Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations: A guide to strengthening and sustaining organizational achievement. John Wiley & Sons.
Bull, J.W., Jobstvogt, N., Böhnke-Henrichs, A., Mascarenhas, A., Sites, N., Baulcomb, C., Lambini, C.K., Rawlins, M., Baral, H., Zähringer, J. and Carter-Silk, E., 2016. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats: A SWOT analysis of the ecosystem services framework. Ecosystem services, 17, pp.99-111.
Carraresi, L., Mamaqi, X., Albisu, L.M. and Banterle, A., 2016. Can strategic capabilities affect performance? Application of RBV to small food businesses. Agribusiness, 32(3), pp.416-436.
Cohen, J.F. and Olsen, K., 2015. Knowledge management capabilities and firm performance: A test of universalistic, contingency and complementarity perspectives. Expert Systems with Applications, 42(3), pp.1178-1188.
E. Dobbs, M., 2014. Guidelines for applying Porter’s five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates. Competitiveness Review, 24(1), pp.32-45.
Feys, B., and Probert, C., 2015. PESTLE analysis. Pimento Digital.
Fleisher, C.S. and Bensoussan, B.E., 2015. Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. FT Press.
Hao, S., and Song, M., 2016. Technology-driven strategy and firm performance: Are strategic capabilities missing links?. Journal of Business Research, 69(2), pp.751-759.
Helfat, C.E. and Peteraf, M.A., 2015. Managerial cognitive capabilities and the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 36(6), pp.831-850.
Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R., and Schilling, M.A., 2014. Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning.
Min, B.S., Min, J.H., Jang, W., Han, S.H. and Kang, S.Y., 2016. VRIO Model-Based Enterprise Capability Assessment Framework for Plant Project. Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 17(3), pp.61-70.
Newton, P., 2014. What is PESTLE Analysis?.
Ravanfar, M.M., 2015. Analyzing Organizational Structure based on 7s model of McKinsey. Global Journal of Management And Business Research.
Rothaermel, F.T., 2015. Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education.
Santos, S.C. and Morris, M.H., 2017. Resource-based Theory and Types of Entrepreneurial Firms. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2017, No. 1, p. 17637). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management.
Steger, J., 2015. Strategic Management of Mars Inc. A Combination of an Innovative Management Philosophy and Familial Eccentricity.
Wheelen, T.L., Hunger, J.D., Hoffman, A.N. and Bamford, C.E., 2017. Strategic management and business policy. pearson.
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This unit focuses on the understanding of various approaches that can develop tourism services. Therefore, the aim of this unit is to evaluate sustainable opportunities for the tourism sector. From this unit, the learners would be able to implement theoretical models of tourism for enhancing the tourism business in a specific region. In addition to this, tourism development philosophies and principles have also been evaluated for providing a better understanding of the learners. After completing this part of the course, the learners would be able to appropriately understand the importance of sustainable tourism development as well as the issues faced by the same in the process of improving the process of sustainable tourism.
LO1 Understand the rationale for planning in the travel and tourism industry
In this part of this unit, learners would understand the importance of wildlife and other environmental factors for attracting more tourists which could enhance the tourism business. Therefore, the responsibilities of the stakeholders associated with the tourism business need to be enhanced. The effectiveness of the natural resources for enhancing the tourism business has also been demonstrated for the learners.
LO2 Understand different approaches to tourism planning and development
The required short term and long term planning that can ensure an effective tourism business has been evaluated in this study. For conducting successful planning to enhance the tourism business, the use of the Economic Impact Model has been evaluated in this part for ensuring effective planning towards tourism development.
LO3 Understand the need for planning for sustainable tourism
The concept of sustainable tourism needs to be properly evaluated for conduct successful planning of tourism enhancing. Therefore, various factors need to be considered for building sustainable tourism which includes environment benefits, resource supplying to fulfill tourist demand, consideration of planning a safe tour, and other factors.
LO4 Understand current issues related to tourism development planning
In this part, various possible issues that disrupt the tourism services have been evaluated for building a conceptual understanding of tourism problems. Several issues such as planning conflicts, improper guest and host relationship, enclave tourism, and ethical issues for the tourism results in disrupted tourism services which adversely affects the local people.
LO5 Understand the socio-cultural, environmental and economic impacts of tourism in developing countries and emerging destinations
The socio-cultural, economic, and environmental impacts of tourism have been evaluated in this part for providing better conceptual understanding for the learners. Along with this, the emerging countries which are developing the tourism business have also been demonstrated for understanding the needs of tourism businesses.
Learning outcomes and assessment criteria
Learning outcomes On successful completion of this unit a learner will:
Assessment criteria for passing The learner can:
LO1 Understand the rationale for planning in the travel and tourism industry
1.1 discuss how stakeholders can benefit from planning of tourism developments with reference to a current case study 1.2 discuss the advantages and disadvantages of public/private sector tourism planning partnerships drawing on a current example
LO2 Understand different approaches to tourism planning and development
2.1 analyze features of tourism development planning at different levels 2.2 evaluate the significance of interactive planning systems and processes in tourism developments 2.3 evaluate different methods available to measure tourist impact
LO3 Understand the need for planning for sustainable tourism
3.1 justify the introduction of the concept of sustainability in tourism development 3.2 analyze factors that may prevent/hinder sustainable tourism development 3.3 analyze different stages in planning for sustainability
LO4 Understand current issues related to tourism development planning
4.1 evaluate methods of resolving a conflict of interests to ensure the future well-being of a developing tourism destination 4.2 analyze the implications of balancing supply and demand 4.3 evaluate the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism
LO5 Understand the socio-cultural, environmental and economic impacts of tourism in developing countries and emerging destinations
5.1 compare current issues associated with tourism development in a developing country and an emerging destination where the impacts of tourism are different 5.2 evaluate, with recommendations, the future development of tourism in these destinations
Links
This unit has links with:
Unit 4: Research Project
Unit 37: The Travel and Tourism Sector
Unit 39: Tourist Destinations
This unit maps to the following Management NVQ units:
B1: Develop and implement operational plans for your area of responsibility
B2: Map the environment in which your organization operates.
The aim of this unit is to understand the context of the global environment through which the travel and tourism sectors are getting operated. This demonstration would be beneficial for learners to study the travel and tourism sectors. This unit would help the learner to gain a better understanding of the tourism sector in the global scenario. In addition to this, this unit also examines the tourism evolution in a historical insight which helps in understanding the various external influences the tourism sector. Furthermore, investigating national and international policies would help the learners assess the influences that impact on the tourism sectors.
Learning outcomes LO1 Understand the history and structure of the travel and tourism sector
In this part, students would be able to understand the historical aspect of tourism development. In addition to this, students would be able to evaluate the various factors of tourism needs for the visitors which would enhance the tourism concepts that would help in deriving various developments for tourism developments. Furthermore, the demonstration of the travel and tourism sector’s structure would help in understanding the needs of these sectors.
LO2 Understand the influence of local and national governments and international agencies on the travel and tourism sector
The various influences such as economic policies and political changes affect tourism businesses. In addition to this, various government regulations play a significant role in the growth of the tourism sector. Furthermore, in the case of international tourism services, international tourism bodies are playing a significant role in enhancing tourism services.
LO3 Understand the effects of supply and demand on the travel and tourism sector
The supply and demand for the travel and tourism sector ensure to fulfill the tourism requirements of the visitors. The tourism sector of a particular region gets affected by the economical status of that region. Several factors including inflation, currency exchange rates, work pattern, globalization, and other economical factors influence the growth of the tourism sector. In addition to this, supplying the required services to the visitors also ensures better growth of this sector.
LO4 Understand the impacts of tourism
Due to the tourism business, several income sources get generated and this results in better employment for a particular region which enhances the strength of an economic region. Tourism business also attracts foreign people which help in enhancing the currency exchange and it ensures a great revenue source for the governments. However, maintenance is important for attracting the tourists and the government bodies also need to ensure the safety of the citizens.
Learning outcomes and assessment criteria
Learning outcomes On successful completion of this unit a learner will:
Assessment criteria for passing The learner can:
LO1 Understand the history and structure of the travel and tourism sector
1.1 explain key historical developments in the travel and tourism sector 1.2 explain the structure of the travel and tourism sector
LO2 Understand the influence of local and national governments and international agencies on the travel and tourism sector
2.1 analyze the function of government, government-sponsored bodies and international agencies in travel and tourism 2.2 explain how local and national economic policy influences the success of the travel and tourism sector 2.3 discuss the implications of political change on the travel and tourism sector in different countries
LO3 Understand the effects of supply and demand on the travel and tourism sector
3.1 explain factors affecting tourism demand 3.2 explain how supply has changed to meet the effects of demand
LO4 Understand the impacts of tourism
4.1 evaluate the main positive and negative economic, environmental and social impacts of tourism 4.2 explain strategies that can be used to minimize the negative impacts while maximizing the positive impacts
Links
This unit introduces learners to the travel and tourism sector and links with most units in this qualification.
This unit maps to the following Management NVQ unit:
This unit sheds light on the theoretical concept of tourism, the structure, and the organization. The learners are to give importance to sports and leisure tourism in the UK. The economy and socio-cultural and environmental implications in the UK will be further explained. The learners must be able to include data to analyze the trends and demands in the field of sports and leisure in the UK. Learners are further expected to prepare the data by themselves to support the particular sport and activity. The relations of sports and leisure in the UK and its impact on economics, socio-cultural, and environmental issues will be explained further. My Online Assignment Help
Learning outcomes
1 Understand the structure of the sports- and leisure-related tourism sector in the UK
2 Understand the trends and demands for sport and leisure tourism
3 Understand the economic, socio-cultural and environmental issues that affect sport and leisure tourism
4 Be able to evaluate strategies that can be used to maximize the growth of sport-and leisure-related tourism Unit 36 Sport and Leisure Tourism in the UK
LO1 Understand the structure of the sports- and leisure-related tourism sector in the UK
Since tourism in the UK has been flourishing in recent times, different types of tourism and different sectors like hotels, restaurants, bars, and pubs have been doing extremely well business. The tourism sector in the UK has given rise to the role of transport, mass tourism, and ecotourism. The role of the public and private sectors in tourism in the UK like government legislation, public sector initiatives, and accommodation providers, and voluntary sector organizations have a massive impact on tourism in the UK.
LO2 Understand the trends and demands for sport and leisure tourism
In the year 2016, the tourism industry in the UK made a contribution of about 217 billion British pounds. Different international sources and national training organizations organizing sports events giving rise to the hospitality business in the UK. Sports and leisure has a massive contribution to the national economy opening doors for employment and career pathways. The tourism has impacted various resources like natural resources, heritage and cultural conservation, infrastructure, airports and airlines and shipping, and railways.
LO3 Understand the economic, socio-cultural and environmental issues that affect sport and leisure tourism
There are various economic, socio-cultural, and environmental issues that affect the sport and leisure tourism. The economic factors include cost and benefit analysis, finance for tourism and political costs, and grand and inflation rate. The socio-cultural issues involve the effects of intercultural contact on hosts and tourists, socio-cultural costs and benefits and intercultural languages. Tourism has some environmental issues as well, it invokes, pollution, and pollution. It can be controlled by implementing various measures like using eco-friendly products and save natural heritage like forests and trees.
LO4 Be able to evaluate strategies that can be used to maximize the growth of sport-and leisure-related tourism
Several strategies can be implemented in order to maximize the growth of sports and leisure-related tourism. The regional and national strategies involve crime prevention, transport sustainability, education, and training to the staff, technological implementation, and accessibility. Events like sports and leisure events could help the industry sustain in the future. Influences like modern Olympics and commonwealth games easily attract tourists and create awareness about tourism in the world.
Learning outcomes and assessment criteria
Learning outcomes On successful completion of this unit a learner will:
Assessment criteria for passing The learner can:
LO1 Understand the structure of the sport- and leisure-related tourism sector in the UK
compare the structure and operation for two selected sport- and leisure-related tourism providers analyzing their audience profiles and range of activities evaluate the contribution of the public, commercial and voluntary sectors to the growth and development of the sport- and leisure-related tourism sector analyze the impact of historical developments and concepts on the growth of the sport- and leisure-related tourism industry evaluate the value of EU and international law that affect the sport- and leisure-related tourism industry
LO2 Understand the trends and demands for sport and leisure tourism
present a statistical analysis identifying trends and the nature of the demand for sport- and leisure-related tourism in the UK evaluate the nature and availability of sport- and leisure-related tourism resources
LO3 Understand the economic, socio-cultural and environmental issues that affect sport and leisure tourism
evaluate the contribution of the sport- and leisure-related tourism industry to the UK economy analyze the socio-cultural and environmental factors and their impact on the sport- and leisure-related tourism industry
LO4 Be able to evaluate strategies that can be used to maximize the growth of sport- and leisure-related tourism
evaluate regional, national and local strategies that have influenced the growth and demand for sport- and leisure-related tourism activities prepare data that can be used to manage the growth and demand for a selected sport- and leisure-related tourism activity
This unit links to Unit 33: The Sport and Leisure Sector
This unit also links to the following Management NVQ unit:
B2: Map the environment in which your organization operates
